Bladder Replacement and Urinary Diversion After Radical Cystectomy.

BACKGROUND: The optimal mode of urinary tract reconstruction following cystectomy continues to challenge the urologic surgeon. Disadvantages with bowel conduits have prompted the search for better techniques to improve patient outcomes. METHODS: The development of urinary tract reconstruction is reviewed, and results from several forms of continent urinary diversion and bladder replacement construction are presented. The authors report on their experience in creating continent reservoirs or neobladders in over 400 patients. RESULTS: Several surgical approaches are now available for continent urinary diversion. Metabolic and nutritional abnormalities, stone formation, infection, and cancer formation are potential complications. CONCLUSIONS: Advances in surgical techniques, an understanding of the physiology of isolated bowel segments, and improvements in pre- and post-operative care have altered the field of urinary reconstruction after cystectomy for bladder cancer. Most patients can expect minimal morbidity and mortality.